Aristophanes the Ancient Greek Comedy Writer

Aristophanes is important today because his work is still relevant. People still laugh at modern performances of his comedies. In particular, his famous womens sex strike for peace comedy, Lysistrata, continues to resonate. Pronunciation:  /à ¦.rÉ ª.sta.fÉ™.niz/ Examples:  In Aristophanes  Frogs, Dionysus, like Hercules before him, goes to the Underworld to bring back Euripides. The Old Comedy Old Comedy had been performed for 60 years prior to Aristophanes. In his time, as his work shows, Old Comedy was changing. It was bawdy and topically political, taking license with living people in the public eye. Ordinary humans played the most heroic characters. Gods and heroes could play buffoons. His style of Old Comedy is described as over-the-top, more like Animal House than How I Met Your Mother. The latter has a lineage that could be traced to an important comedy genre that came after Aristophanes. This was New Comedy, the stock character-filled comedy of manners, written by the Greek Menander and his Roman imitators. To be more completely accurate, New Comedy followed Middle Comedy, a little-known genre to which Aristophanes contributed at the end of his career. Aristophanes wrote comedies from 427-386 B.C., which gives us approximate dates for his life: (c. 448-385 B.C.). Unfortunately, we know very little about him, although he lived in Athens during periods of turmoil, beginning his writing career after the death of Pericles, during the Peloponnesian War. In A Handbook of Greek Literature, H.J. Rose says his father was named Philippos. Rose calls Aristophanes a member of the Athenian conservative party. Aristophanes Makes Fun of Socrates Aristophanes knew Socrates and poked fun at him in The Clouds, as an example of a sophist. From the other side, Aristophanes appears in Platos Symposium, comically hiccuping before he comes up with an inspired explanation for why there are are people with different sexual orientations. Of more than 40 plays written by Aristophanes, 11 survive. He won prizes at least six times -- but not all firsts -- four at the Lenaea (held roughly, in January), where comedy was added to the events in about 440 B.C., and two at the City Dionysia (roughly, in March), where only tragedy had been performed until about 486 B.C. While Aristophanes produced most of his own plays, he did not initially do so. Not until the Acharnians, a pro-peace play and one of those featuring the character of the great tragedian Euripides, won a prize at the Lenaea, in 425, did he start producing. His previous two plays, the Banqueteers, and the Babylonians do not survive. The Knights (Lenaea of 424), an attack on the political figure Cleon, and Frogs (Lenaia of 405), which also features the character of Euripides in a contest with Aeschylus, also won first prize. The generally irreverent, creative Aristophanes made fun of the gods and of real people. His portrayal of Socrates in The Clouds has been criticized for contributing to the atmosphere that condemned Socrates since he portrays Socrates as a ridiculous sophist teaching the morally worthless topics of philosophy for money. Old Comedy Structure A typical structure for Aristophanes Old Comedy would be prologue, parados, agon, parabasis, episodes, and Exodus, with a chorus of 24. Actors wore masks and had padding front and back. Costumes might include giant phalluses. He used equipment like the mechane or crane and the ekkyklema or platform. He made up long, complicated, compound words where appropriate, like cloudcuckooland. Surviving Comedies by Aristophanes The AcharniansThe BirdsThe CloudsThe EcclesiazusaeThe FrogsThe KnightsLysistrataPeacePlutusThe ThesmophoriazusaeThe Wasps

Inappropriate Behavior Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Marwan was a senior performer in the Studio Five Theme Park and was bound by the contract of agreement for the role played by him in the character of a pirate (Achampongm 82). The provisions of the law led to the termination of the legal contract as a punishment to the act of the sexual harassment conducted by Marwan. Actions and steps against Marwan The act of sexual harassment of the junior female actor who was newly hired for performance in the plays of the Studio Five Theme Park was not welcomed by the victim. Apart from the sexual harassment which included offensive activities of sex discrimination, grabbing of breast of the junior female co-worker, Marwan also threatened to get the lady fired if she refused to go a date with him. The complaint made by the junior female actor against Marwan was viewed seriously by the management of the Studio Five Theme Park. The actions taken by the Studio Five Theme Park after receipt of the complaint against Marwan led to the termination of Marwan due to such punishable offence. We will write a custom essay sample on Inappropriate Behavior or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now I agree with this action of the management of Studio Five Theme Park in firing Marwan which was in line with the provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Apart from the action taken by the Studio Five Theme Park against the inappropriate behaviour of Marwan, I would also recommend some other actions that are supposed to be taken by the Studio Five Theme Park authority. Before the termination of Marwan, the authority of the Studio Five Theme Park should take action of exposing the actual image of Marwan to the public and the guests of the Theme Park. This would enable the guests to be cautious about Marwan in future and would establish a fair image of the Studio as they do not tolerate the activities of sexual harassment. Apart from this, the authority should take necessary action for imposing considerable monetary fines for the incident of sexual harassment. These actions would be exemplary in order to warn their actors in refraining from the acti vities of sexual harassment (Swift 53). The actions also establish fair and transparent policies of the studio against the offences related to sexual harassment. Marwan’s allegations and probable court proceedings Considering the case of sexual harassment of the junior female actor by Marwan, there has been allegation and counter allegation from both the parties. However, the positions of both the parties needed to be proved during the time of proceedings in the court. The complaint of sexual harassment by the junior female actor was contested by Marwan that it was a conspiracy of the studio authorities in connivance with the female actor in removing him from the role that was being played him over the years.

Analysis of a Video Killing us Softly - 2029 Words

Advertisements surround us on a daily basis. Constantly bombarding our conscious and subconscious minds with consumer items and suggestive material. But how much of that impacts the mind of young adults? More specifically, how does the constant incursion of beauty advertisements impact young women? Media, any form of mass communication- is one of the biggest factors in this widespread problem. Through the use of the media, ideas, images, expectations of perfection broadcasts throughout the country and on most occasions throughout the world. The portrayal of beauty in the media has contributed to a variety of psychological problems such as: misinterpretation of beauty, early exploration of sexuality and lowered sense of self worth which later leads to eating disorders. In week ten of our class discussions we were asked to watch a video titled â€Å"Killing us Softly† in which Kilbourne discusses how advertisements are programmed into our subconscious minds after being co ntinuously displayed. The movie notes that only a small percentage of an advertisement message is taken in by your conscious mind, the rest will be reworked deep into your subconsciousness (Jhally, 2010). Sadly, a lot of these advertisements carry negative messages that impact the way women view their natural beauty thus lowering their self esteem and resorting to alternative means of getting the â€Å"ideal body†. Presently, technology is growing at an alarming exponential rate. With new technology comesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Kilbourne s Video, Killing Us Softly 41485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jean Kilbourne’s video, Killing Us Softly 4, Jean expresses how advertisements have been portraying women as a sex symbol or even as just a typical housewife. 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According to research done by Children Now, a national organization trying to make children a public priority, 38% of female characters found in video games are wearing revealing clothing, 23% are showing cleavage. Magazine ads show a dismembered female body, with parts, instead of the whole, a practice that according to media activist, Jean Kilbourne, turns women into objects. Disney movies, fromRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 Pagesopinion plays a significant role in the process. However, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work on its own merits but also place it in context. 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An Economic Analysis of an Essay Economics

Question: Discuss about theAn Economic Analysis of an Essayfor Economics. Answer: The essay focuses to analyse the article on effect of tomato potato psyllid pest on the agricultural sector and the Australian economy. This pest not only affects the crop production but also creates negative impact on the horticulture industry of Australia. Main affected crops are potato, tomato, capsicum, chilli, tomarillo, sweet potato and other crops (Prendergast, 2017). This pest affects crops in terms of loss of plant vigour and its production. The problem is that farmers have not still aware about the effective remedial measures to restrict the outbreak. Hence, preventive measures are more effective than remedy. This essay analyses the effect of the outbreak of the diseases on the market demand and supply and the crop prices. Figure 1: Effect on market demand and supply (Source: created by author) Initial demand curve is D and initial supply curve is S1 to supply Q1 amount of crop in the market in total. Equilibrium is realized at the intersection point of the demand and supply curve. E1 is the initial equilibrium point. Sudden spread of the tomato potato psyllid in the major areas of Australia causes a decrease in production of crop in short run. As supply decreases due to uncontrolled reason, in short term the direct effect is envisaged on the price of the affected crop (Canto, Joines Laffer, 2014). In short run there is no change in the demand for crop as income, preference are unchanged in short run. As there is no information about the substitute products of the affected crops, it can be assumed that there is no change in the price of those products. Therefore, market only experiences change in supply. Decrease in supply shifts the initial supply curve leftward. As supply decreases, excess demand is created in the market. In order to absorb the excess demand, crop produc ers raise the price due to shortage of crops in the market (Bruneel et al., 2012). Price eventually increases to restore new equilibrium at the point E2, where new supply curve meets the demand curve. Accordingly new equilibrium price is P2 and quantity Q2. New price is greater than initial price and new supply is less than initial output. Figure 2: Impact on price hike on revenue (Source: created by author) Impact of pest created diseases on plant in the market depends on the price elasticity of demand. As describe by, price elasticity of demand indicates the change in quantity demanded in response to 1% change in price (Babcock, 2012). Crop is necessary product as is relatively less price elastic compared to other products. Hike in price may reduce the quantity demanded for the crops. People, who have low income, may reduce their quantity demanded. Price hike may also exclude some consumers from market for short term. As per the figure 2, decrease in supply to S2, increases price to P2. As demand is price inelastic, hike in price does not have much effect on the quantity demanded. The extent of decrease in quantity demanded for crop products is less compared to hike in price (Cashin et al., 2014). Therefore, revenue of the firm may not reduce significantly. However, in the presence of substitute products, the crops may be price elastic. People can change their consumption to other food products rather than potato, tomato, capsicum, chilli, tomarillo and sweet potato. Initial revenue in both diagrams is 0P1E1Q1 and revenue becomes 0P2E2Q2 after change in price. P*Q is the total amount of revenue. Decrease in supply definitely reduces the revenue of the farmer. However, extent of decrease depends on the relative elasticity of demand and supply curve. As crop production is seasonal, decrease in supply may have effect throughout the year in the absence of proper storage facility. Spread of the tomato potato psyllid borne disease zebra chip has negative externality on the horticulture industry. Negative externality creates market failure, as the damage caused by other does not appear directly (Tomek Kaiser, 2014). Zebra chip virus shrinks horticulture production by 20% to 50%. This virus is spread over the locality quickly via infected agricultural equipments, machinery ort seed stock. Fruits like, banana, chestnut, cucumber. Psyllid is now found on commercial horticulture properties such as Gingin, Yarloop and Busselton. Decreases in horticulture production have negative impact on the GDP of Australian economy (Gopinath, Helpman Rogoff, 2014). The disease also affects human health indirectly through consumption of the infected crops. Increasing cost creates burden on the budget of the virus-affected people. These all are negative externality. As the disease is impossible to control after an outbreak, preventive measures are more effective (Roberts Schlenke ra, 2013). Government can increase public spending to support farmers in taking precautionary measures to reduce cost burden of the farmer. The essay has analysed the possible factors highlighted in the article and their effects on the price of the crops. The focus of the article is the tomato potato psyllid, which is a pest, affecting the major crops of Australia. This pest spreads a disease called zebra chip that not only affects the crops like potato, tomato, chilli and capsicum, but also affects the horticulture industry indirectly. The agricultural production is reduced by 20% to 50% due to this effect, which creates direct effect on the supply and product price in the market. As supply reduces in the domestic market, price starts to increase keeping demand unchanged. Therefore, change in price and quantity has impact on the revenue of the firm in turn. It can be concluded that government intervention is required in order to prevent the negative effect of pest on agricultural production in the economy. References Babcock, B. A. (2012). The impact of US biofuel policies on agricultural price levels and volatility.China Agricultural Economic Review,4(4), 407-426. Bruneel, J., Ratinho, T., Clarysse, B., Groen, A. (2012). The Evolution of Business Incubators: Comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations.Technovation,32(2), 110-121. Canto, V. A., Joines, D. H., Laffer, A. B. (2014).Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Cashin, P., Mohaddes, K., Raissi, M., Raissi, M. (2014). The differential effects of oil demand and supply shocks on the global economy.Energy Economics,44, 113-134. Gopinath, G., Helpman, E., Rogoff, K. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of international economics(Vol. 4). Elsevier. Prendergast,J., (2017).Tomato potato psyllid: Insect found outside Perth quarantine zone on three commercial properties retrieved on 27 April, 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-06/psyllid-found-outside-metro-area/8327732 Roberts, M. J., Schlenkera, W. (2013). Identifying supply and demand elasticities of agricultural commodities: Implications for the US ethanol mandate.The American Economic Review,103(6), 2265-2295. Tomek, W. G., Kaiser, H. M. (2014).Agricultural product prices. Cornell University Press.

Intellectual Property Agriculture Law

Question: Discuss about theIntellectual Property Agriculture Law. Answer: Introduction The tern intellectual property refers to the creation of an individual or a group of individuals minds. The term also refers to various sets of intangible assets which are legally owned and protected by a firm externally possessed or implemented without the consent of the company (Landes, Posner Landes, 2009). The main aim of intellectual is to provide a firm with competitive advantages in the prevailing market. A part from the intangible assets, intellectual property is also aimed to offer protective rights to the physical property as well. Intellectual property is divided into two categories, the industrial property and the copyright. Where industrial property covers the patent rights for inventions, trademarks geographic marks and designs. Copyright on the other hand covers literary and artistic types of work such as the music, drawings, paintings, photography and other literary works. Importance IP to Individuals and Economy of Dubai Integration of intellectual property and UAE is critical for the development of innovative culture in Dubai. Intellectual property helps with transformation of new ventures through creation of innovation capabilities and nature creativity into the present market value and competitiveness. Implementation of intellectual property right by the UAE will allow innovative entrepreneurs in the country to protect their inventions. The ability by the entrepreneurs to protect their inventions encourages many other investors to join the system resulting to job creations as well as economic boost. Intellectual property also enable various entrepreneurs the possession of other capabilities such as current market signals, prospective values, knowledge concerning the market, knowledge on the partners and competitors and finally provide protection to young innovators from any rivalry which may arise from other related inventions. With effective development of intellectual property through the UAE system can facilitate the financial access for various entrepreneurs in Dubai. It also helps with the development of entrepreneurial skills, market technologies which facilitates invention and innovation. Skills and market technology is important for innovation and the development of RD firms in Dubai leading increased income into the economy and increased GDP. When majority of individuals in the nation are having job the economy of the country will improve by a given percentage. Development of equitable and well-organized intellectual property system by the UAE will enable economic development in Dubai as well as social and cultural well-being of the people in national. Adoption and facilitation of the IP in the nation will help to strike equity among the interest of various entrepreneurial innovators, general public and the government. This collaboration and common interest by the key players in trade enables a flourish environment in which creativity together invention that is beneficial to everyone. Implementation of intellectual property in Dubai by the innovation and invention body UAE will enable protection of new entrepreneurs in various markets. With new creators protection through intellectual property fuels commitment of additional resource for extensive inventions and innovation (McManis, 2012). Proper economic growth is evident from all over the world where intellectual property has been employed. Similarly, promotion and protection of IP in Dubai can fuel economic growth in the nation, establishment of new job opportunities, development of industries and facilitation of quality life and better life in the country. How Intellectual Property to UAE can Promote Innovation in Dubai Copyrights Copyright is one of the intellectual property that can be used by the UAE in Dubai to help develop a culture of innovation. Copyright is a protection granted to an entrepreneur on any creative innovation created (Finger Schuler, 2004). This type of IP only apply to the original author of a given artistic work produced such as original book copyright, any art work and music. When an individual is protected by the UAE through a copyright, several people will be encouraged to join various mind industries. Trademarks Trademarks are another type of intellectual property which also encourages innovation in various countries in the global market. Trade enables a given entrepreneur to use any word, name, symbol or any device or combination in order to distinguish their inventive work from one another (Correa, 2000). It is therefore clear that with implementation of trade by the UAE in Dubai many several young firms will be able to attract buyers through their trademarks leading to many firms joining various mind industries. Patents Patent right is establish by the prime minister of Dubai. It is implemented to encourage and develop innovative culture in the country. Patent right as a type of IP enables and individual inventor to prevent others from making, utilizing or even importing and exporting his or her invention. Patent enable an entrepreneur to enjoy maximum profit for the idea or invention (Bently Sherman, 2014). With realization of profit many young or individuals with ideas can join the market. References Bently, L., Sherman, B. (2014). Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press, USA. Correa, C. M. (2000). Intellectual property rights, the WTO and developing countries: the TRIPS agreement and policy options. Zed books. Finger, J. M., Schuler, P. (Eds.). (2004). Poor people's knowledge: promoting intellectual property in developing countries. World Bank Publications. Landes, W. M., Posner, R. A., Landes, W. M. (2009). The economic structure of intellectual property law. Harvard University Press. McManis, C. R. (2012). Biodiversity and the Law:" Intellectual Property, Biotechnology and Traditional Knowledge". Routledge.